A different vision of translational research in biomarker discovery: a pilot study on circulatory mitochondrial proteins as Parkinson’s disease potential biomarkers.

The identification of circulating biomarkers that closely correlate with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) has failed several times in the past. Nevertheless, in this pilot study, a translational approach was conducted, allowing the evaluation of the plasma levels of two mitochondrial-related proteins, whose combination leads to a robust model with potential diagnostic value to discriminate the PD patients from matched controls.

The proposed translational approach was initiated by the analysis of secretomes from cells cultured under control or well-defined oxidative stress conditions, followed by the identification of proteins related to PD pathologic mechanisms that were altered between the two states. This pipeline was further translated into the analysis of undepleted plasma samples from 28 control and 31 PD patients.From the secretome analysis, several mitochondria-related proteins were found to be differentially released between control and stress conditions and to be able to distinguish the two secretomes.

Similarly, two mitochondrial-related proteins were found to be significantly changed in a PD cohort compared to matched controls. Moreover, a linear discriminant model with potential diagnostic value to discriminate PD patients was obtained using the combination of these two proteins. Both proteins are associated with apoptotic mitochondrial changes, which may correspond to potential indicators of cell death. Moreover, one of these proteins, the VPS35 protein, was reported in plasma for the first time, and its quantification was only possible due to its previous identification in the secretome analysis.

In this work, an adaptation of a translational pipeline for biomarker selection was presented and transposed to neurological diseases, in the present case Parkinson’s Disease. The novelty and success of this pilot study may arise from the combination of: i) a translational research pipeline, where plasma samples are interrogated using knowledge previously obtained from the evaluation of cells’ secretome under oxidative stress; ii) the combined used of statistical analysis and an informed selection of candidates based on their link with relevant disease mechanisms, and iii) the use of SWATH-MS, an untargeted MS method that allows a complete record of the analyzed samples and a targeted data extraction of the quantitative values of proteins previously identified.

SensiTek HRP Anti-Mouse (DAB) Staining System
AEA080	ScyTek Laboratories	70 Slides	EUR 119

SensiTek HRP Anti-Rabbit (DAB) Staining System
AEI080	ScyTek Laboratories	70 Slides	EUR 119

SensiTek HRP Anti-Polyvalent (DAB) Staining System
AEM080	ScyTek Laboratories	70 Slides	EUR 127

UltraTek HRP Anti-Mouse (DAB) Staining System
AKA080	ScyTek Laboratories	70 Slides	EUR 127

UltraTek HRP Anti-Rabbit (DAB) Staining System
AKC080	ScyTek Laboratories	70 Slides	EUR 127

UltraTek HRP Anti-Polyvalent (DAB) Staining System
AMF080	ScyTek Laboratories	70 Slides	EUR 138

Mouse to Mouse HRP (DAB) Staining System
MTM001	ScyTek Laboratories	70 Slides	EUR 157

DAB
HY-15912	MedChemExpress	500mg	EUR 108

Black-DAB Substrate/Chromogen System for IHC-HRP staining (stable), 30ml
NB319-SBB	Innovex	30 ml	EUR 369

Black-DAB Substrate/Chromogen System for IHC-HRP staining (stable), 70ml NEW
NB319-BB70	Innovex	70 ml	EUR 485

Fmoc-Dab[Fmoc-Dab(Boc)]-OH
5-04727	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

Fmoc-Dab[Fmoc-Dab(Boc)]-OH
5-04728	CHI Scientific	25g	Ask for price

DAB Tablet
D3225-020	GenDepot	20TB	EUR 142

DAB Tablet
D3225-050	GenDepot	50TB	EUR 246

STAT-Q Rabbit DAB KIT for staining all Rabbit antibodies, 350 plus slides
NB314KLRD-20	Innovex	20 ml kit	EUR 717

STAT-Q Goat DAB KIT for staining all Goat primary antibodies, 350 plus slides
NB314KLGD-20	Innovex	20 ml kit	EUR 717

H-Dab-OH·HCl
5-04703	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

H-Dab-OH·HCl
5-04704	CHI Scientific	25g	Ask for price

Boc-Dab-OH
5-04711	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

Boc-Dab-OH
5-04712	CHI Scientific	25g	Ask for price

Fmoc-Dab-OAll·HCl
5-04720	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

Fmoc-Dab-OH·HCl
5-04721	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

Fmoc-Dab-OH·HCl
5-04722	CHI Scientific	25g	Ask for price

Fmoc-Dab-OH
5-04735	CHI Scientific	1g	Ask for price

Fmoc-Dab-OH
5-04736	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

DAB Substrate kit
30015	Biotium	1Kit	EUR 143
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 1Kit

DAB Chromogen Kit
abx097197-1Kit	Abbexa	1 Kit	EUR 272

DAB Chromogen Concentrate
D3226-002	GenDepot	20ml	EUR 161

DAB Chromogen Concentrate
D3226-005	GenDepot	50ml	EUR 334

Boc-Dab-OH
A-3215.0001	Bachem	1.0g	EUR 126
Description: Sum Formula: C9H18N2O4; CAS# [25691-37-6]

Boc-Dab-OH
A-3215.0005	Bachem	5.0g	EUR 418
Description: Sum Formula: C9H18N2O4; CAS# [25691-37-6]

Boc-Dab-OH
A-3215.0025	Bachem	25.0g	EUR 1578
Description: Sum Formula: C9H18N2O4; CAS# [25691-37-6]

Fmoc-Dab-OH
B-2300.0001	Bachem	1.0g	EUR 151
Description: Sum Formula: C19H20N2O4; CAS# [161420-87-7]

Fmoc-Dab-OH
B-2300.0005	Bachem	5.0g	EUR 515
Description: Sum Formula: C19H20N2O4; CAS# [161420-87-7]

DL-Dab.2HCl
A6727-100000	ApexBio	100 g	EUR 569
Description: DL-Dab.2HCl

DL-Dab.2HCl
A6727-25000	ApexBio	25 g	EUR 309
Description: DL-Dab.2HCl

DL-Dab.2HCl
A6727-5000	ApexBio	5 g	EUR 180
Description: DL-Dab.2HCl

DAB Chromogen Concentrate
ACB030	ScyTek Laboratories	30 ml	EUR 119

DAB Chromogen Concentrate
ACB060	ScyTek Laboratories	60 ml	EUR 165

DAB Chromogen Concentrate
ACB125	ScyTek Laboratories	125 ml	EUR 245

DAB Chromogen Concentrate
ACB500	ScyTek Laboratories	500 ml	EUR 671

DAB Chromogen Concentrate
ACB999	ScyTek Laboratories	1000 ml	EUR 1159

DAB Substrate Buffer
ACC500	ScyTek Laboratories	500 ml	EUR 72

DAB Substrate Buffer
ACC999	ScyTek Laboratories	1000 ml	EUR 80

DAB Enhancer Solution
ACM030	ScyTek Laboratories	30 ml	EUR 71

DAB Away Kit
ACP001	ScyTek Laboratories	500 ml	EUR 98

DAB Differentiating Solution
DDS500	ScyTek Laboratories	500 ml	EUR 109

Z-Dab-OH
C-3705.0001	Bachem	1.0g	EUR 115
Description: Sum Formula: C12H16N2O4; CAS# [62234-40-6]

Z-Dab-OH
C-3705.0005	Bachem	5.0g	EUR 273
Description: Sum Formula: C12H16N2O4; CAS# [62234-40-6]

Z-Dab-OH
C-3705.0025	Bachem	25.0g	EUR 998
Description: Sum Formula: C12H16N2O4; CAS# [62234-40-6]

DAB Chromogen, 4ml
NB314D	Innovex	4 ml	EUR 246

H-Dab-OH
F-3050.0001	Bachem	1.0g	EUR 115
Description: Sum Formula: C4H10N2O2; CAS# [1883-09-6]

H-Dab-OH
F-3050.0005	Bachem	5.0g	EUR 225
Description: Sum Formula: C4H10N2O2; CAS# [1883-09-6]

H-Dab-OH
F-3050.0025	Bachem	25.0g	EUR 803
Description: Sum Formula: C4H10N2O2; CAS# [1883-09-6]

?-Galactosidase Staining Kit
AKR-100	Cell Biolabs	1 kit	EUR 432
Description: This simple assay measures the transfection efficiency of the LacZ gene using a simple staining protocol.

DAPI Staining Kit
abx097206-1Kit	Abbexa	1 Kit	EUR 230

PI Staining Kit
abx097208-1Kit	Abbexa	1 Kit	EUR 230

H-Dab(Z)-OH
5-04707	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

H-Dab(Z)-OH
5-04708	CHI Scientific	25g	Ask for price

Boc-Dab(Boc)-OH·DCHA
5-04713	CHI Scientific	1g	Ask for price

Boc-Dab(Boc)-OH·DCHA
5-04714	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

Boc-Dab(Fmoc)-OH
5-04715	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

Boc-Dab(Fmoc)-OH
5-04716	CHI Scientific	25g	Ask for price

Boc-Dab(Z)-OH·DCHA
5-04717	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

Boc-Dab(Z)-OH·DCHA
5-04718	CHI Scientific	25g	Ask for price

Fmoc-Dab(Ac)-OH
5-04723	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

Fmoc-Dab(Ac)-OH
5-04724	CHI Scientific	25g	Ask for price

Fmoc-Dab(Boc)-OH
5-04725	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

Fmoc-Dab(Boc)-OH
5-04726	CHI Scientific	25g	Ask for price

Fmoc-Dab(Fmoc)-OH
5-04729	CHI Scientific	1g	Ask for price

Fmoc-Dab(Fmoc)-OH
5-04730	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

Fmoc-Dab(MMt)-OH
5-04731	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

Fmoc-Dab(MMt)-OH
5-04732	CHI Scientific	25g	Ask for price

Fmoc-Dab(Mtt)-OH
5-04733	CHI Scientific	1g	Ask for price

Fmoc-Dab(Mtt)-OH
5-04734	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

Fmoc-Dab(Dde)-OH
5-04739	CHI Scientific	1g	Ask for price

Fmoc-Dab(Dde)-OH
5-04740	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

Fmoc-Dab(ivDde)-OH
5-04741	CHI Scientific	1g	Ask for price

Fmoc-Dab(ivDde)-OH
5-04742	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

Fmoc-Dab(Z)-OH
5-04743	CHI Scientific	1g	Ask for price

Fmoc-Dab(Z)-OH
5-04744	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

Boc-D-Dab-OH
5-04745	CHI Scientific	1g	Ask for price

Boc-D-Dab-OH
5-04746	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

Fmoc-D-Dab-OH
5-04751	CHI Scientific	1g	Ask for price

Fmoc-D-Dab-OH
5-04752	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

Fmoc-Dab(Fmoc)-Oh
abx188721-250g	Abbexa	250 g	EUR 1720

H-Dab(Boc)-OH
A-3305.0001	Bachem	1.0g	EUR 200
Description: Sum Formula: C9H18N2O4; CAS# [10270-94-7]

H-Dab(Boc)-OH
A-3305.0005	Bachem	5.0g	EUR 696
Description: Sum Formula: C9H18N2O4; CAS# [10270-94-7]

Boc-Dab(Fmoc)-OH
A-3520.0001	Bachem	1.0g	EUR 225
Description: Sum Formula: C24H28N2O6; CAS# [117106-21-5]

Boc-Dab(Fmoc)-OH
A-3520.0005	Bachem	5.0g	EUR 780
Description: Sum Formula: C24H28N2O6; CAS# [117106-21-5]

Boc-Dab(Aloc)-OH
A-4125.0001	Bachem	1.0g	EUR 309
Description: Sum Formula: C13H22N2O6; CAS# [171820-73-8]

Boc-Dab(Aloc)-OH
A-4125.0005	Bachem	5.0g	EUR 1143
Description: Sum Formula: C13H22N2O6; CAS# [171820-73-8]

Boc-D-Dab-OH
A-4215.0001	Bachem	1.0g	EUR 418
Description: Sum Formula: C9H18N2O4; CAS# [80445-78-9]

Boc-D-Dab-OH
A-4215.0005	Bachem	5.0g	EUR 1554
Description: Sum Formula: C9H18N2O4; CAS# [80445-78-9]

Boc-Dab-OtBu · HCl
A-4415.0001	Bachem	1.0g	EUR 309
Description: Sum Formula: C13H26N2O4·HCl; CAS# [190447-69-9] net

Boc-Dab-OtBu · HCl
A-4415.0005	Bachem	5.0g	EUR 1143
Description: Sum Formula: C13H26N2O4·HCl; CAS# [190447-69-9] net

Sensitive DAB Stain Kit
PW023	Bio Basic	5Preps, 5prep	EUR 69.14

Fmoc-Dab(Boc)-OH
B-1800.0001	Bachem	1.0g	EUR 200
Description: Sum Formula: C24H28N2O6; CAS# [125238-99-5]

Fmoc-Dab(Boc)-OH
B-1800.0005	Bachem	5.0g	EUR 683
Description: Sum Formula: C24H28N2O6; CAS# [125238-99-5]

Fmoc-Dab(Fmoc)-OH
B-2270.0001	Bachem	1.0g	EUR 236
Description: Sum Formula: C34H30N2O6; CAS# [201473-83-8]

Fmoc-Dab(Fmoc)-OH
B-2270.0005	Bachem	5.0g	EUR 866
Description: Sum Formula: C34H30N2O6; CAS# [201473-83-8]

Fmoc-D-Dab-OH
B-2365.0001	Bachem	1.0g	EUR 418
Description: Sum Formula: C19H20N2O4; CAS# [201484-12-0]

Fmoc-D-Dab-OH
B-2365.0005	Bachem	5.0g	EUR 1554
Description: Sum Formula: C19H20N2O4; CAS# [201484-12-0]

Fmoc-Dab(Aloc)-OH
B-2850.0001	Bachem	1.0g	EUR 297
Description: Sum Formula: C23H24N2O6; CAS# [204316-32-5]

Fmoc-Dab(Aloc)-OH
B-2850.0005	Bachem	5.0g	EUR 1106
Description: Sum Formula: C23H24N2O6; CAS# [204316-32-5]

Fmoc-Dab(Z)-OH
B-3250.0001	Bachem	1.0g	EUR 261
Description: Sum Formula: C27H26N2O6; CAS# [252049-08-4]

Fmoc-Dab(Z)-OH
B-3250.0005	Bachem	5.0g	EUR 925
Description: Sum Formula: C27H26N2O6; CAS# [252049-08-4]

DAB Chromogen/Substrate Kit
ACH500	ScyTek Laboratories	500 Slides	EUR 85

DAB Substrate (High Contrast)
ACU250	ScyTek Laboratories	250 ml	EUR 85

DAB Substrate (High Contrast)
ACU500	ScyTek Laboratories	500 ml	EUR 98

DAB Substrate (High Contrast)
ACU999	ScyTek Laboratories	1000 ml	EUR 119

10-DAB (10-Deacetylbaccatin)
A4395-25	ApexBio	25 mg	EUR 514
Description: 10-DAB (also known as 10-Deacetylbaccatin) is an intermediate used for the preparation of taxol, an anti-leukemic and tumor-inhibiting agent isolated from the inner bark of the Pacific yew tree Taxus brevifolia as well as other species of the genus Taxus.

10-DAB (10-Deacetylbaccatin)
A4395-5	ApexBio	5 mg	EUR 166
Description: 10-DAB (also known as 10-Deacetylbaccatin) is an intermediate used for the preparation of taxol, an anti-leukemic and tumor-inhibiting agent isolated from the inner bark of the Pacific yew tree Taxus brevifolia as well as other species of the genus Taxus.

10-DAB (10-Deacetylbaccatin)
A4395-5.1	ApexBio	10 mM (in 1mL DMSO)	EUR 293
Description: 10-DAB (also known as 10-Deacetylbaccatin) is an intermediate used for the preparation of taxol, an anti-leukemic and tumor-inhibiting agent isolated from the inner bark of the Pacific yew tree Taxus brevifolia as well as other species of the genus Taxus.

10-DAB (10-Deacetylbaccatin)
A4395-S	ApexBio	Evaluation Sample	EUR 81
Description: 10-DAB (also known as 10-Deacetylbaccatin) is an intermediate used for the preparation of taxol, an anti-leukemic and tumor-inhibiting agent isolated from the inner bark of the Pacific yew tree Taxus brevifolia as well as other species of the genus Taxus.

DAB (Post) Enhancing Solution
DES500	ScyTek Laboratories	500 ml	EUR 88

DAB (Post) Enhancing Solution
DES999	ScyTek Laboratories	1000 ml	EUR 109

Fmoc-Dab(ivDde)-OH
B-4065.0001	Bachem	1.0g	EUR 297
Description: Sum Formula: C32H38N2O6; CAS# [607366-21-2]

Fmoc-Dab(ivDde)-OH
B-4065.0005	Bachem	5.0g	EUR 1093
Description: Sum Formula: C32H38N2O6; CAS# [607366-21-2]

Z-Dab(Z)-OH
C-3690.0001	Bachem	1.0g	EUR 200
Description: Sum Formula: C20H22N2O6; CAS# [55478-23-4]

Z-Dab(Z)-OH
C-3690.0005	Bachem	5.0g	EUR 696
Description: Sum Formula: C20H22N2O6; CAS# [55478-23-4]

Z-D-Dab-OH
C-3770.0001	Bachem	1.0g	EUR 225
Description: Sum Formula: C12H16N2O4; CAS# [70882-66-5]

Z-D-Dab-OH
C-3770.0005	Bachem	5.0g	EUR 792
Description: Sum Formula: C12H16N2O4; CAS# [70882-66-5]

DAB Substrate buffer, 70ml
NB314SB	Innovex	70 ml	EUR 276

Ac-Dab(Boc)-OH
F-1020.0250	Bachem	250.0mg	EUR 236
Description: Sum Formula: C11H20N2O5; CAS# [201351-32-8]

Ac-Dab(Boc)-OH
F-1020.1000	Bachem	1.0g	EUR 660
Description: Sum Formula: C11H20N2O5; CAS# [201351-32-8]

H-D-Dab-OH
F-3055.0001	Bachem	1.0g	EUR 225
Description: Sum Formula: C4H10N2O2; CAS# [26908-94-1] net

H-D-Dab-OH
F-3055.0005	Bachem	5.0g	EUR 792
Description: Sum Formula: C4H10N2O2; CAS# [26908-94-1] net

Alkaline Phosphatase Staining Kit
K2035-50	Biovision	50 assays	EUR 379

Beta Galactosidase Staining Kit
55R-1541	Fitzgerald	250 assays	EUR 370
Description: Assay Kit for detection of Beta Galactosidase in the research laboratory

Beta-Galactosidase Staining Kit
K802-250	Biovision		EUR 294

Human Histochemistry Staining Kit
20-abx299039	Abbexa	EUR 871.00 EUR 1219.00 EUR 565.00	150 tests 500 tests 50 tests

PI / RNase Staining Buffer
20-abx090619	Abbexa	EUR 272.00 EUR 230.00	100 tests 50 tests

Hoechst 33342 Staining Kit
abx097207-1Kit	Abbexa	1 Kit	EUR 230

ProsiBlue Gel Staining Solution
P7300-050	GenDepot	500ml	EUR 174

Ponceau S Staining Solution
PW005	Bio Basic	100ml	EUR 69.14

CometAssay Silver Staining Kit
4254-200-K	Biotechne	200 Tests	EUR 325.8

Ponceau S Staining Solution
B7778-100000	ApexBio	100 g	EUR 163

Ponceau S Staining Solution
B7778-50000	ApexBio	50 g	EUR 126

Beta-Galactosidase Staining Kit
K2182-250	ApexBio	250 assays	EUR 293

EasyDip Slide Staining System
M900-12AS-ASSORTED	ScyTek Laboratories	1 Case(s)	EUR 176

STAT-Q Multivalent DAB KIT for staining Mouse, Rat and Rabbit antibodies, 1000 plus slides (large size kit)
NB314KLD	Innovex	1000 slides	EUR 1030

STAT-Q Multivalent DAB KIT for staining Mouse, Rat and Rabbit antibodies, 350 slides kit (small size Kit)
NB314KLD-20	Innovex	300 slide kit	EUR 682

7,10-Dimethoxy-10-DAB III
TBZ3002	ChemNorm	20mg	Ask for price

Boc-D-Dab(Fmoc)-OH
5-04747	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

Boc-D-Dab(Fmoc)-OH
5-04748	CHI Scientific	25g	Ask for price

Boc-D-Dab(Z)-OH·DCHA
5-04749	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

Boc-D-Dab(Z)-OH·DCHA
5-04750	CHI Scientific	25g	Ask for price

Fmoc-D-Dab(Alloc)-OH
5-04753	CHI Scientific	1g	Ask for price

Fmoc-D-Dab(Alloc)-OH
5-04754	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

Fmoc-D-Dab(Boc)-OH
5-04755	CHI Scientific	1g	Ask for price

Fmoc-D-Dab(Boc)-OH
5-04756	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

Fmoc-D-Dab(Dde)-OH
5-04757	CHI Scientific	1g	Ask for price

Fmoc-D-Dab(Dde)-OH
5-04758	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

Fmoc-D-Dab(MMt)-OH
5-04759	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

Fmoc-D-Dab(MMt)-OH
5-04760	CHI Scientific	25g	Ask for price

Fmoc-D-Dab(Z)-OH
5-04761	CHI Scientific	250mg	Ask for price

Fmoc-D-Dab(Z)-OH
5-04762	CHI Scientific	1g	Ask for price

H-D-Dab-OH·2HCl
5-04763	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price

H-D-Dab-OH·2HCl
5-04764	CHI Scientific	25g	Ask for price

DAB Chromogenic Substrate Kit (Brown)
AR1022	BosterBio	1 kit (for 600-900 assays)	EUR 80

DAB Chromogenic Substrate Kit (Blue)
AR1025	BosterBio	1 kit (for 600-900 assays)	EUR 80

DAB Horseradish Peroxidase Chromogenic Kit
20-abx090660	Abbexa	EUR 230.00 EUR 189.00	100 ml 20 ml

Boc-Dab(Z)-OH · DCHA
A-2905.0001	Bachem	1.0g	EUR 126
Description: Sum Formula: C17H24N2O6·C12H23N; CAS# [16947-89-0]

Boc-Dab(Z)-OH · DCHA
A-2905.0005	Bachem	5.0g	EUR 393
Description: Sum Formula: C17H24N2O6·C12H23N; CAS# [16947-89-0]

Boc-Dab(Boc)-OH · DCHA
A-3480.0001	Bachem	1.0g	EUR 176
Description: Sum Formula: C14H26N2O6·C12H23N; CAS# [201472-66-4]

Boc-Dab(Boc)-OH · DCHA
A-3480.0005	Bachem	5.0g	EUR 587
Description: Sum Formula: C14H26N2O6·C12H23N; CAS# [201472-66-4]